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three hundred and forty two days aboard the Iss : ie one year in space. This is the longest mission ever made so far, that undertaken some time ago from the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-16M that will bring in the stars the American Scott Kelly and the Russians Mikhail Kornienko and Gennady Padalka , astronauts with a long and strong experience.
THE MISSION “ONE YEAR IN SPACE”
The mission 43, 44, 45 and 46 has been renamed “One Year in Space” and will see Kelly and Kornienko – respectively the second and fourth mission – to remain on the International Space Station for 342 days with return scheduled March 3, 2016. While Padalka , to its fifth mission, will return after 168 days, reaching an unprecedented achievement in fact stays in space. When it lands, in fact, will have exceeded 870 days of “living” space, beating the previous record of 803 recorded by Sergei Krikalyov Konstantinovic .
THE EXPERIMENT” THE TWINS “
But the time factor is not the only record of the mission “One Year in Space” . The launch will be used primarily to analyze and study the behavior of the human body under conditions of prolonged weightlessness. A study to be carried out by comparing the health status of Scott Kelly and that of his twin Mark , he astronaut NASA that has already taken part in four missions of the space shuttle – the famous American space shuttle, which has made space flights until 2011 – and for the occasion will be the guinea pig on the Earth’s surface.
The experiment – dubbed “ of the twins” – has a very important scientific relevance. The doctors of the NASA want to understand and compare how, after a year in orbit, the effects of the long period in the relative absence of gravity influenced the twin who will stay in orbit, in particularly on bone and muscle weakness, and also because the radiation dose has engraved on Scott than the biological parameters of the twin Mark .
THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC MISSION
The reason for these studies is related to possible future missions to the Moon that is beyond the lunar orbit. During their stay Kornienko and Kelly, that will perform several spacewalks individually, have on the agenda more than thirty experiments that relate to the human body. Will be studies concerning the cardiovascular system – blood oxygenation and volume of the same -, ultrasound of the eye and the optic nerve to try to identify what are derived from vision problems that plague some astronauts and bone density. Not only that, during their time in space, will be monitored also some psychological, cognitive function and mood to stress.
THE LAUNCH
The launch of the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-16M occurred at 20:43 Italian time of Friday, March 27, from the historic launch area from which he left 54 years ago the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin , and the subsequent Russian manned missions. The same which has started last November 23 Samantha Cristoforetti , who together with his fellow missionaries, Shkaplerov and Virts , awaits the arrival the new crew, calls again climb to 6 the number of astronauts who populate the ISS .
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